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Stage 1 · Foundations / Day 5

I‘rāb

Learn how word endings reveal who performs an action—and who receives it.

◷ 22 min▥ Beginner♧ Core lesson
Day5of 100

Lesson Video

Day 5 lesson video

The Ending Reveals the Role

In English, position often controls meaning. In Arabic, the ending can preserve the role even when position changes.

ـُ / ـٌSubjectWho does the actionـَ / ـًObjectWho receives itـِ / ـٍAfter a prepositionOr in a linking phrase
نَصَرَ حَبِيبٌ كَرِيمًا

حَبِيبٌ helped كَرِيمًا

Reorder the words
نَصَرَ كَرِيمًا حَبِيبٌ

حَبِيبٌ still helped كَرِيمًا

Analyse One Complete Sentence

Read the endings before relying on word order.

كَتَبَ مُحَمَّدٌ رِسَالَةً إِلَى صَدِيقِهِ
VerbHe wroteSubjectMuhammadObjectA letterAfter إِلَىTo his friend
Muhammad wrote a letter to his friend.

See I‘rāb in the Qur’an

Find the ending that identifies each role.

ضَرَبَ اللَّهُ مَثَلًاAllah presents an example · 14:24
قَالَ رَبُّكَYour Lord said · 2:30
لِلْمَلَائِكَةِTo the angels · 2:30
وَاللَّهُ يُحِبُّ الْمُحْسِنِينَAnd Allah loves the doers of good · 3:134
Reveal the roles
اللَّهُ = who does the actionمَثَلًا = what receives the actionرَبُّكَ = who does the actionالْمَلَائِكَةِ = after لِالْمُحْسِنِينَ = who receives the action

Practice

Use the ending to identify the role.

1Identify the RoleWhat role does طَالِبٌ usually indicate?

2Find the ObjectWhich word is the object in دَخَلَ مُحَمَّدٌ الْبَيْتَ?

3After a PrepositionWhy does الْمَسْجِدِ end in Kasrah?

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